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# As it relates to illness, it is a measure of association where the risk of an illness (attack rate) is compared between a group of exposed subjects and a group of unexposed subjects (WHO 2007).<br />
# The relative risk is the ratio of the risk of occurrence of a disease among exposed people to that among the unexposed (Bonita et al. 2006).<br />
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==Explanation==<br />
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==Example==<br />
The risk ratio is used in assessing the likelihood that an association represents a causal<br />
relationship. For example, the risk ratio of lung cancer in long-term heavy smokers<br />
compared with non-smokers is approximately 20. This is very high and indicates that this<br />
relationship is not likely to be a chance finding. Of course, smaller risk ratios can also<br />
indicate a causal relationship, but care must be taken to eliminate other possible<br />
explanations (Bonita et al. 2006).<br />
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The ratio of the risk of disease or death among an exposed population to the risk among an<br />
unexposed population. A value of 1 indicates an increased risk, provided the association is<br />
not subject to systematic or andom error. For example, a relative risk of 2.0 in a study of<br />
cancer risk in a population exposed to a drinking water contraminant indicates tht the risk<br />
of cancer is doubled among those exposed to the contaminant compard to those not<br />
exposed (Symons et al. 2000).<br />
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==References==<br />
* Bonita, R., Beaglehold, R., Kjellstrom, T. 2006. Basic Epidemiology, Second Edition. World Health Organization.<br />
* Symons, J. M., Bradley, L. C. Jr. and Cleveland, T. C. 2000. The Drinking Water Dictionary. American Water Works Association<br />
* WHO (2007) [http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/foodborne_disease/fdbmanual/en/ Foodborne disease outbreaks: Guidelines for investigation and controal]<br />
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==Links==<br />
* [http://apps.who.int/thelexicon/ WHO — The Health and Environment Lexicon]<br />
* WHO (2009) [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241547673_eng.pdf WHO handbook on indoor radon : a public health perspective.]<br />
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